It creates a durable. breathable barrier that effectively repels liquids and stains. Repel's water-based formula is safe to use on all materials like suede. nubuck. leather. nylon and canvas. It's basically a force field for shoes. The material should be clean and dry prior to application. Hold bottle upright 6' to 8 from shoe. spray evenly covering the entire area of the shoe. Do not oversaturate. Use a cloth to dab and soak up any excess product. Allow to completely dry/cure for 24 hours or more. After the first coat has dried. repeat steps and apply a second coat. Before exposing to liquid. make sure shoes have completely dried. Tip: The longer you allow Repel to cure. the stronger the repellency.